![]() ![]() It is not used in cases where the airway may be compromised, or consciousness is impaired. The most common conditions for which PAP ventilation is used in hospital are congestive cardiac failure and acute exacerbation of obstructive airway disease, most notably exacerbations of COPD and asthma. Usually, patients on PAP ventilation will be closely monitored in an intensive care unit, high-dependency unit, coronary care unit or specialist respiratory unit. Usually PAP ventilation will be reserved for the subset of patients for whom oxygen delivered via a face mask is deemed insufficient or deleterious to health (see CO 2 retention). PAP ventilation is often used for patients who have acute type 1 or 2 respiratory failure. There is some evidence of benefit for those with hypoxia and community acquired pneumonia. The main indications for positive airway pressure are congestive heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The Sullivan V Plus, a typical mid-1990s CPAP (the mask is more modern). A hose carries the pressurized air to a face mask or nasal pillow. Medical uses A typical CPAP machine houses the air pump in a case lined with sound-absorbing material for quieter operation. The dual settings allow the patient to get more air in and out of their lungs. The main difference between BiPAP and CPAP machines is that BiPAP machines have two pressure settings: the prescribed pressure for inhalation (ipap), and a lower pressure for exhalation (epap). A variation of the PAP system was developed by Professor Colin Sullivan at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital in Sydney, Australia, in 1981. George Gregory and colleagues in the neonatal intensive care unit at the University of California, San Francisco. CPAP is an acronym for " continuous positive airway pressure", which was developed by Dr. Sometimes patients with neuromuscular diseases use this variety of ventilation as well. In these patients, PAP ventilation can prevent the need for tracheal intubation, or allow earlier extubation. PAP ventilation is also commonly used for those who are critically ill in hospital with respiratory failure, in newborn infants ( neonates), and for the prevention and treatment of atelectasis in patients with difficulty taking deep breaths. Positive airway pressure ( PAP) is a mode of respiratory ventilation used in the treatment of sleep apnea.
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